![]() ![]() The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy has been reported as 29.9% globally ( 3). It is further classified into mild, moderate and severe, when the hemoglobin level is between 10.0 to 10.9, 7.0 to 9.9, or <7.0 g/dl, respectively ( 2). Nevertheless, in the meantime, focusing on iron supplementation in high-risk mothers with emphasis on compliance, seems to be the best option, in view of the high prevalence of iron deficiency found in this review.Īnemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level of <11 g/dl ( 1). It is certainly plausible that the anemia in pregnancy reported in these studies is not entirely secondary to iron deficiency and may be attributable to other nutritional deficiencies, emphasizing the importance of researching deeper into this subject. Meanwhile, in terms of iron deficiency anemia, grandmultiparity, late antenatal booking and Indian ethnicity were significant determinants. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was found to be higher in rural compared to urban areas. Factors that were significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy were extremes of reproductive age, late antenatal booking, non-compliance to hematinics, Indian ethnicity, being in the second or third trimester, low maternal educational level, low family income, and unemployment. The overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy ranged from 19.3 to 57.4%, while the prevalence of iron deficiency was 31.6 to 34.6%. Only two studies focused on iron deficiency, whereas the other six investigated anemia in pregnancy without specifying iron deficiency or any other nutritional cause for the anemia, signifying the lack of published literature on this important public health nutritional issue in Malaysia. Eight studies comprising a total number of 2,638 pregnant women were included in this review. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. A systematic literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. This systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women in Malaysia. 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, MalaysiaĪnemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level of 2Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.1Public Health Division, Health Department of Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Raudah Abd Rahman 1, Idayu Badilla Idris 2 *, Zaleha Md Isa 2, Rahana Abdul Rahman 3 and Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy 3
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